<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847</id><updated>2010-05-02T18:11:55.035-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Domain Name Lawyer Blog</title><subtitle type='html'>Domain Name Lawyer, Zak Muscovitch, writes about domain name disputes and Internet law issues of current interest, related to http://www.DNattorney.com and http://www.muscovitch.com</subtitle><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/blog.shtml'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25'/><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dnattorney.com/atom.xml'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>42</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-1351959221979610421</id><published>2010-05-02T18:11:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-05-02T18:11:55.077-07:00</updated><title type='text'>This blog has moved</title><summary type='text'>       This blog is now located at http://domain-name-lawyer.blogspot.com/.       You will be automatically redirected in 30 seconds, or you may click here.       For feed subscribers, please update your feed subscriptions to       http://domain-name-lawyer.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default.  </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/1351959221979610421/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/05/this-blog-has-moved.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/1351959221979610421'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/1351959221979610421'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/05/this-blog-has-moved.html' title='This blog has moved'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-716556799109142577</id><published>2010-03-24T10:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-24T10:17:42.656-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Competitive Justice?: The Role of Dispute Resolution Providers under ICANN’s UDRP</title><summary type='text'>John Selby, with the Department of Business Law at Macquarie University in Sydney Australia, brought to my attention his truly excellent article and study of ICANN UDRP Dispute Resolution Providers.

This article was published in 2004, and the concerns outlined therein are even more important today, given that the Czech Arbitration Court apparently intends to provide so-called 'fast track' UDRP's</summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/716556799109142577/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/03/competitive-justice-role-of-dispute.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/716556799109142577'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/716556799109142577'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/03/competitive-justice-role-of-dispute.html' title='Competitive Justice?: The Role of Dispute Resolution Providers under ICANN’s UDRP'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-1891915352316508346</id><published>2010-03-22T07:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-22T07:07:01.756-07:00</updated><title type='text'>New Domain Name Arbitration Study Release and NAF Case Update Tool</title><summary type='text'>Today I released a brief study of NAF decisions, and panelist participation levels in particular. I also created a system for people to receive NAF Case Updates in their email box, similar to the way that WIPO sends them out. Hopefully NAF will do this themselves in the future and at that time I can stop the Update service.</summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/1891915352316508346/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/03/new-domain-name-arbitration-study.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/1891915352316508346'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/1891915352316508346'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/03/new-domain-name-arbitration-study.html' title='New Domain Name Arbitration Study Release and NAF Case Update Tool'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-1802622200004888447</id><published>2010-03-01T18:43:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-01T18:43:46.614-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Canadian ICANN Official Loses Arbitration</title><summary type='text'>But its not what you think....

In this Ottawa Citizen story, Canadian, Frank Fowlie, ombudsman for the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), was flying from Paris to Montreal last March when he had an angry confrontation with a flight attendant in executive class.

The story states that, "He filed a complaint with the CTA, alleging Air Canada breached the terms and </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/1802622200004888447/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/03/canadian-icann-official-loses.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/1802622200004888447'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/1802622200004888447'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/03/canadian-icann-official-loses.html' title='Canadian ICANN Official Loses Arbitration'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-2213130268239875602</id><published>2010-02-24T10:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-24T10:17:11.480-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Groovle Case Featured in Excellent Article on ADR in Lawyers Weekly</title><summary type='text'>Journalist Christopher Guly has written an excellent piece on the UDRP and how it is at the vanguard of online alternative dispute resolution. In this article, Mr. Guly discusses the Groovle.com case and interviews me about the case and about the UDRP.</summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/2213130268239875602/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/02/groovle-case-featured-in-excellent.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/2213130268239875602'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/2213130268239875602'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/02/groovle-case-featured-in-excellent.html' title='Groovle Case Featured in Excellent Article on ADR in Lawyers Weekly'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-6873016188461008113</id><published>2010-02-24T09:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-24T09:45:24.044-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Canada Missing Digital Revolution</title><summary type='text'>In this concerning article from the National Post, journalist Matt Hartley, reports that Google's Canadian born CFO, Patrick Pichette, "has a unique view of the business landscape in his home country of Canada." 

Mr. Hartley reports that, "although Canadians spend more time online than just about any other nation in the world, advertising dollars and marketers haven't followed audiences online </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/6873016188461008113/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/02/canada-missing-digital-revolution.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/6873016188461008113'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/6873016188461008113'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/02/canada-missing-digital-revolution.html' title='Canada Missing Digital Revolution'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-7676647345255352731</id><published>2010-02-24T09:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-24T09:36:09.578-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Solid UDRP Decision From Panelist Jonathan Turner</title><summary type='text'>WIPO UDRP Panelist, Jonathan Turner, deserves kudos for authoring a fine decision which makes excellent use of appropriate and highly relevant case law, in the aidsdrugsonline.com case (February 5, 2010).

He wrote as follows in this case brought by a Canadian against a Californian, wherein the Complainant alleged that the Respondent was a "cybersquatter":

"The more descriptive the term, the </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/7676647345255352731/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/02/another-solid-udrp-decision-from.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/7676647345255352731'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/7676647345255352731'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/02/another-solid-udrp-decision-from.html' title='Solid UDRP Decision From Panelist Jonathan Turner'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-3344910920637959618</id><published>2010-01-01T08:19:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-01-07T15:02:29.223-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UDRP'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Business News Network'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domain name dispute'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Google'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Groovle.com'/><title type='text'>Business News Network (BNN) Interview Regarding Groovle.com Case</title><summary type='text'>You can watch the interview with Groovle.com co-founder Jacob Fuller and myself from New Year's Eve, 2009.</summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/3344910920637959618/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/01/business-news-network-bnn-interview.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/3344910920637959618'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/3344910920637959618'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2010/01/business-news-network-bnn-interview.html' title='Business News Network (BNN) Interview Regarding Groovle.com Case'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-336539099216373523</id><published>2009-12-29T15:25:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-29T15:25:17.763-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UDRP'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='National Arbitration Forum'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Google'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Groovle'/><title type='text'>Google Loses Domain Name Dispute</title><summary type='text'>Just heard from the National Arbitration Forum that my clients won a great domain name dispute over GROOVLE.COM. Google had complained that my clients were "cybersquatters". The unanimous three distinguished three member panel disagreed. You can read the decision here.

Congrats to Groovle.com! This was one of those rare UDRP cases where the Panel didn't even  have to consider the second and </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/336539099216373523/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/12/google-loses-domain-name-dispute.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/336539099216373523'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/336539099216373523'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/12/google-loses-domain-name-dispute.html' title='Google Loses Domain Name Dispute'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-7592986426038258733</id><published>2009-12-18T12:42:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-20T08:02:43.156-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domain name conference'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='traffic'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domainfest'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Domain Convergence'/><title type='text'>Domain Name Conferences</title><summary type='text'>Looking forward to going to Targeted Traffic in Vegas January 21 - 23, DomainFest Global 2010 January 26-29 in Santa Monica , and Traffic again in Vancouver - June 8 - 10, 2010.

Although I have been an active and somewhat accomplished domain name lawyer for 10 years, this will be my first outside-Canada domain conference. I have of course always attended Frank Michlick's DomainConvergence </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/7592986426038258733/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/12/domain-name-conferences.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/7592986426038258733'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/7592986426038258733'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/12/domain-name-conferences.html' title='Domain Name Conferences'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-4622092036061409493</id><published>2009-12-18T07:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-18T07:56:19.385-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='internet poker'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='gambling'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='gaming'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cybersquatting'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cease and desist'/><title type='text'>Poker Site Calls Poker Pro's Bluff Over Alleged Cybersquatting</title><summary type='text'>For those of you who follow professional poker tournaments on television, you may recall the name of Butch Boyd, a somewhat colorful poker pro. Well, he was recently the target of a domain name cease and desist letter over the domain name, twoplustwopoker.com.  The claimant is Twoplustwo.com (i.e. without the "poker" suffix), which calls itself the world's largest poker strategy and resource web </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/4622092036061409493/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/12/poker-site-calls-pokerpros-bluff-over.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/4622092036061409493'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/4622092036061409493'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/12/poker-site-calls-pokerpros-bluff-over.html' title='Poker Site Calls Poker Pro&apos;s Bluff Over Alleged Cybersquatting'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-6043848243838203389</id><published>2009-11-29T08:37:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-29T08:43:40.937-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UDRP'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IDN'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Doctrine of Foreign Equivalents'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Foreign Language'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domain names'/><title type='text'>IDN (Internationalized) Domain Names and Trademark Law/UDRP</title><summary type='text'>An IDNForums.com member recently asked me a good question and I took the time to answer it. I thought that I would share my answer here, although I have of course removed the specifics from the situation and changed some facts to keep things confidential. Accordingly, the domains etc. referred to below are made-up for illustrative purposes only. If anyone has any thoughts on this I would like to </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/6043848243838203389/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/11/idn-internationalized-domain-names-and.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/6043848243838203389'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/6043848243838203389'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/11/idn-internationalized-domain-names-and.html' title='IDN (Internationalized) Domain Names and Trademark Law/UDRP'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-1231264011139717023</id><published>2009-11-15T17:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-15T17:53:39.354-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='valuation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='divorce'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='husband'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domainer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domain name valuation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domain name expert'/><title type='text'>How Much Do You Think REPO.COM is worth?</title><summary type='text'>One thing that we will see more often are family law disputes involving domain names. When marriages break up, family property is often divided by the court. In a recent divorce case, a Vancouver, British Columbia Supreme Court Judge heard evidence from a business valuator, whose testimony was considered expert evidence on behalf of the husband. The expert business valuator was asked by the </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/1231264011139717023/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/11/how-much-do-you-think-repocom-is-worth.html#comment-form' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/1231264011139717023'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/1231264011139717023'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/11/how-much-do-you-think-repocom-is-worth.html' title='How Much Do You Think REPO.COM is worth?'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-1182227331470913458</id><published>2009-11-10T08:31:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-10T08:31:10.091-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Lawsuit Over EHOTEL.COM Commenced</title><summary type='text'>I commenced a lawsuit to overturn a recent UDRP decision over EHOTEL.COM. 

Many commentators thought that this was a grossly unfair UDRP decision and begged for an appeal. The domain name registrant was unrepresented at the UDRP. Now with a domain name lawyer, I hope that he will obtain some justice.</summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/1182227331470913458/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/11/lawsuit-over-ehotelcom-commenced.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/1182227331470913458'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/1182227331470913458'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/11/lawsuit-over-ehotelcom-commenced.html' title='Lawsuit Over EHOTEL.COM Commenced'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-8875448140185477334</id><published>2009-11-09T09:25:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-09T09:25:29.547-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Rick Silver New T.R.A.F.F.I.C. Moderator</title><summary type='text'>Congratulations to Rick Silver, who has just been appointed the new Moderator for 2010 Traffic conferences.

Rick has been a good friend and client for many years and it is wonderful to see that his unique talents have been recognized. He will be a valuable addition to the conferences and a tremendous resource for domainers.

PS - I will be attending my first traffic conference in Las Vegas in </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/8875448140185477334/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/11/rick-silver-new-traffic-moderator.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/8875448140185477334'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/8875448140185477334'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/11/rick-silver-new-traffic-moderator.html' title='Rick Silver New T.R.A.F.F.I.C. Moderator'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-6726576553626957266</id><published>2009-10-26T11:42:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-11-02T08:58:32.503-08:00</updated><title type='text'>AAA.net domain name dispute - AAAmazing</title><summary type='text'>Nice to see that some trademark lawyers are kept busy with doubtful domain name dispute claims. The American Automobile Association lost a domain name dispute at NAF, and now apparently pressured the registrant to hand over the domain name after commencing a Federal lawsuit.

Of course AAA is more than the American Automobile Association. Just check out any yellow pages directory, such as this </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/6726576553626957266/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/aaanet-domain-name-dispute-aaamazing.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/6726576553626957266'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/6726576553626957266'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/aaanet-domain-name-dispute-aaamazing.html' title='AAA.net domain name dispute - AAAmazing'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-7115934938897995047</id><published>2009-10-15T12:27:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-29T07:08:35.368-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UDRP'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domain name dispute'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='adndrc'/><title type='text'>NEWSFLASH: DOMAIN NAME ARBITRATOR BEING INVESTIGATED FOR MISCONDUCT</title><summary type='text'>The following ADNDRC press release was brought to my attention by IDNFORUMS.COM members.

Announcement on Domain Name Dispute Cases Handled by The Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre (Hong Kong Office) Hong Kong.

5 October 2009 - The Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre (ADNDRC) announced today that the ADNDRC Council has formed a special committee to investigate whether, in view </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/7115934938897995047/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/newsflash-domain-name-arbitrator-being.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/7115934938897995047'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/7115934938897995047'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/newsflash-domain-name-arbitrator-being.html' title='NEWSFLASH: DOMAIN NAME ARBITRATOR BEING INVESTIGATED FOR MISCONDUCT'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-3882211136515914614</id><published>2009-10-14T18:32:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-29T07:27:09.680-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UDRP'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ICANN'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='lawyers'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='naf'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='chris bosh'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='WIPO'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cybersquatting'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='hoopology'/><title type='text'>NBA Star Now Owns 800 "Cybersquatted" Domain Names</title><summary type='text'>Could Chris Bosh Be a Future ICANN UDRP Respondent at WIPO or NAF?

So I read the news item where Toronto Raptors NBA star Chris Bosh won a judgment for $120,000 against a domainer, Luis Zavala (Hoopology.com) for registering ChrisBosh.com. The judgment apparently came down in April, but now Bosh's lawyers reportedly convinced the judge to order that the domainer's 800 other mainly sports and </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/3882211136515914614/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/chris-bosh-gets-his-domain-names-back.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/3882211136515914614'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/3882211136515914614'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/chris-bosh-gets-his-domain-names-back.html' title='NBA Star Now Owns 800 &quot;Cybersquatted&quot; Domain Names'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-5097352655381672391</id><published>2009-10-14T08:55:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-15T04:20:20.737-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='montreal'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='canada'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domain name dipsute'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='quebec'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='court'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='spca'/><title type='text'>Dog Fight Over SPCA.COM Domain Name Dispute</title><summary type='text'>The Montreal, Quebec Court released an interim and partial injunction regarding the domain name SPCA.COM according to CTV News, but the domain name registrant is allowed to keep it, at least for now, pending the outcome of a trial involving other issues such as wrongful dismissal and defamation. The domain name registrant was reportedly permitted to keep the domain name but must direct donations </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/5097352655381672391/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/dog-fight-over-spcacom-domain-name.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/5097352655381672391'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/5097352655381672391'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/dog-fight-over-spcacom-domain-name.html' title='Dog Fight Over SPCA.COM Domain Name Dispute'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-4398528093185176923</id><published>2009-10-09T18:39:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-09T20:19:44.989-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='privacy protection'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cira'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='portfolio'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domainer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='business'/><title type='text'>Privacy Protection for .CA Domain Names Kills Business for Domainers</title><summary type='text'>
Privacy Protection for domainers who have legitimate portfolios is a little like a burka on a bikini model.


Although keeping one's domain name registration details private is an attractive concept and may even help wary registrants avoid imparting too much information to prospective domain name dispute claimants, in my humble opinion, the practice is a business killer in the .CA realm. As a </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/4398528093185176923/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/privacy-protection-for-ca-domain-names.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/4398528093185176923'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/4398528093185176923'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/privacy-protection-for-ca-domain-names.html' title='Privacy Protection for .CA Domain Names Kills Business for Domainers'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-4800640966803585172</id><published>2009-10-09T18:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-29T07:28:59.176-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domain investor'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='NameMedia'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domainer&apos;s advantage'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domainer'/><title type='text'>NameMedia Launches New Service for Domain Investors.</title><summary type='text'>This should be interesting. I will check it out. See the Press Release here. The newly launched service, called Domainer`s Advantage, offers domain investors a comprehensive knowledge center.</summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/4800640966803585172/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/namemedia-launches-new-service-for.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/4800640966803585172'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/4800640966803585172'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/namemedia-launches-new-service-for.html' title='NameMedia Launches New Service for Domain Investors.'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-8802672786789004053</id><published>2009-10-09T18:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-09T18:22:36.104-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UDRP'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domain name dispute'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='naf'/><title type='text'>Domain Name Dispute: The Movie?</title><summary type='text'>SLIDETV.com, Inc. today declared victory in its domain name dispute with Slide, Inc. in what has been described as a modern day David vs. Goliath story. The Redwood City, California-based internet marketing company now plans to turn the drama into a feature film.....Which is strange for two reasons: First, this UDRP dispute was back in August, so its a little late to "declare victory". Second, </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/8802672786789004053/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/domain-name-dispute-movie.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/8802672786789004053'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/8802672786789004053'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/domain-name-dispute-movie.html' title='Domain Name Dispute: The Movie?'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-5871308616425231968</id><published>2009-10-07T19:04:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-09T18:23:07.901-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='anonymous email'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='student'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='anonymity'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Internet casino'/><title type='text'>Anonymity on the Internet</title><summary type='text'>Just a quick note to mention that journalism student Daniel Fish wrote a piece for his student newspaper at Carleton, The Charlatan, on a recent court case involving York University and anonymous emails..."Online communication not as anonymous as it seems". I provided Daniel with some thoughts on the subject. Always glad to help students out....</summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/5871308616425231968/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/anonymity-on-internet.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/5871308616425231968'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/5871308616425231968'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/anonymity-on-internet.html' title='Anonymity on the Internet'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-4213644996755038472</id><published>2009-10-07T07:02:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-07T10:11:25.694-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='anonymous'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='court'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='convergence'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='bricks and mortar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Internet casino'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cyberspace'/><title type='text'>Converged</title><summary type='text'>Remember "Convergence"? It was the concept where all modes of communications were to become unified...., or alternatively, "media convergence is a concept in which old and new media intersect".

Well, nobody announced it, but we are already there and have been for some time....

I realized this when I heard that the police are being trained by consultants about how to use social networking </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/4213644996755038472/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/converged.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/4213644996755038472'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/4213644996755038472'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/converged.html' title='Converged'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-818613380007762847.post-4480773725220195345</id><published>2009-10-03T06:02:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-03T12:15:01.208-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UDRP'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ICANN'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='domain name dispute'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='wizzair'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='sucks'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='WIPO'/><title type='text'>WIZZAIRSUCKS.COM Claims Victory in ICANN UDRP Domain Name Dispute at WIPO</title><summary type='text'>Well, that must suck for Wizz Air, the Hungarian discount airliner.....

Panelist Sebastian Hughes provided an exceptionally well-reasoned and fair decision in a Complaint brought by the airliner against Texas Wizzair critic, Holden Thomas, proprietor of WizzAirSucks.com.

Although the Panelist found that, "the addition of the word “sucks” as a suffix in the disputed domain name does little to </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/4480773725220195345/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/wizzairsuckscom-claims-victory-in-icann.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/4480773725220195345'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/818613380007762847/posts/default/4480773725220195345'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dnattorney.com/2009/10/wizzairsuckscom-claims-victory-in-icann.html' title='WIZZAIRSUCKS.COM Claims Victory in ICANN UDRP Domain Name Dispute at WIPO'/><author><name>Zak Muscovitch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08424149765617740825</uri><email>zak@muscovitch.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='02543165836183757412'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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